Patents

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Design Patents

In recent years, companies have increasingly come to recognize the value of design patents to protect their intellectual property (IP). For example, the dispute between Apple and Samsung over smartphone and tablet computers involved several patents, some of which were design patents. The jury in that case awarded Apple more than $1 billion in damages. The jury’s award was notable not only for i...

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Probabilistic Patents

F or many years, economists typically conceptualized patents as well-defined property rights giving their owners either a monopoly over some market or at least a significant competitive advantage in that market due to control over a product improvement or a low-cost method of production (Nordhaus, 1969; Reinganum, 1989). Once a patent was issued, this approach tended to assume that the patent w...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Science

سال: 1985

ISSN: 0036-8075,1095-9203

DOI: 10.1126/science.227.4694.1535